Bioethanol — is ethanol, which is obtained in the processing of vegetable raw materials containing sugar and starch, and it is used as biofuel. You can also set up production of cellulose. To date, the production of bioethanol from sugar cane is more profitable. Bioethanol is different from alcoholic alcohol lack of water in the composition and reduced distillation process. Previously ethanol has limited application as a fuel thinner, but today it is a mandatory component of gasoline. Entering bioethanol in gasoline, given the opportunity to significantly increase the level of oxygen and make higher octane number. Less commonly, the substance is used as a standalone fuel. Bioethanol production is possible both in urban and in rural areas. The main advantage of bioethanol is that it is produced from renewable raw material type. Unlike oil, whose reserves are not replenished, plant material can be grown every year — it’s an endless cycle. Separate the three ways to the production of bioethanol:
• Fermentation;
• Hydrolytic production;
• The production of renewable raw materials.
Fermentation is the oldest method of producing bioethanol. It is carried out under the action of bacteria and yeast enzymes. The result is a solution having an ethanol content of not more than 15%, it must be further concentrated by distillation. biosyrya of ethanol production involves three stages: grinding of raw materials, fermentation and bragorektifikatcii in special colonies. Today the production of ethanol by fermentation of starch, using yeast enzymes virtually stopped. Hydrolytic production of alcohol from cellulose found not profitable in the world. In industrialized countries, the production method is not used alcohol. Bioethanol has a number of advantages, such as non-toxicity, water solubility, not destructive impact on the environment, waste-free manufacture it. But, despite all this, ethanol has a number of drawbacks: the formation of the wax fuel bundle under the influence of low temperatures are not very high energy properties. In recent years, sharply increased demand and, consequently, the production of bioethanol. The main production of bioethanol in the world is concentrated in North and South America. The leading place in the industry today occupies Brazil. However, it gradually gives way to the primacy of the United States, which is rapidly increasing its production capacity. In Canada, it is expanding the state program for the production of ethanol. Also, the share of biofuels in the European Union increases. Therefore, in several European countries actively growing ethanol production. The global problem of environmental pollution is increasingly pushing in search of a safer fuel. Therefore, bioethanol is rapidly gaining popularity around the world. In some countries at the legislative level is fixed the use of biofuels. In the US, the use of ethanol is used as one of the steps to implement the «Clean Air Act».
So it is safe to say that the future of bioethanol and its production in the world will only increase.
